截图
简介
这是宏观经济学双语ppt，包括了国内生产总值，最终产品和中间产品，对国内生产总值的几点说明，within a country，Gross Domestic Product等内容，欢迎点击下载。
宏观经济学双语ppt是由红软PPT免费下载网推荐的一款课件PPT类型的PowerPoint.
第二章 国民收入核算
第一节 国内生产总值
Gross Domestic Product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a specific period.
1. “ …goods and services…”
GDP includes both tangible goods (food， clothing， cars) and intangible services (haircuts， housecleaning， doctor visits).
2.“GDP is the market value…”
QUICK QUIZ:
Which contributes more to GDP---the production of an economy car or the production of a luxury car? Why?
3….produced…
GDP includes goods and services currently produced. It does not include transactions involving items produced in the past.
⑴GDP excludes second-hand sales(二手交易).
⑵ GDP excludes financial transactions(财务往来).
4 “ …of all…”
GDP includes all items produced in the economy and sold legally in markets.
5. “ …final…”
⑴GDP includes only the value of final goods and services. The reason is that the value of intermediate goods and services is already included in the prices of the final goods and services.
6. “ …within a country…”
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)国内生产总值:国土原则
Gross National Product (GNP)国民生产总值:国籍原则
7…during a specific period…
GDP measures the value of production that takes place within a specific interval of time. Usually that interval is a year or a quarter (three months).
GDP measures the economy’s flow(流量) of income(收入) and expenditure(支出) during that interval.
8…market value…
It excludes items produced and sold lawlessly， such as illegal drugs.
(非法生产和销售的东西不记入GDP，如违法的毒品交易不记入.)
8…market value…
GDP excludes most items that are produced and consumed at home and that never enter the marketplace.
GDP不包括家庭内的生产和消费，因为这没有交易.
The Economy’s Income and Expenditure
For an economy as a whole， income must equal expenditure because:
Every transaction has a buyer and a seller.
Every dollar of spending by some buyer is a dollar of income for some seller.
第二节
核算国民收入的两种方法
Two sides to GDP
1.expenditure approach(支出法)
2.income approach(收入法)
1.The expenditure approach to GDP —The Components of GDP
1.The expenditure approach to GDP —The Components of GDP
⑶Government Purchases (G)政府购买:
The spending on goods and services by local， state， and federal governments.
Does not include transfer payments(转移支付) because they are not made in exchange for currently produced goods or services.
1.The expenditure approach to GDP —The Components of GDP
⑷Net Exports (NX)净出口:
Exports (X，出口) minus imports (M，进口)
Expenditure approach summary
GDP=C+I+G+NX
2.The income approach to GDP
Compensation of employees(雇员报酬)
Gross operating surpluses(总利润)
Depreciation allowances(折旧提成)
Taxes less subsidies on production and imports(税收减去生产和进口补贴)
第三节
从国内生产总值到个人可支配收入
Real versus Money GDP
Money GDP/Nominal GDP(名义GDP) values the production of goods and services at current prices(以现价).
Real GDP(实际GDP) values the production of goods and services at constant prices(以不变价格).
第四节
国民收入的基本公式
GDP and Economic welfare
Some things that contribute to well-being are not included in GDP.
1.The value of leisure.
2.The value of a clean environment.
The value of almost all activity that takes place outside of markets， such as the value of the time parents spend with their children and the value of volunteer work(义务劳动).
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