截图
简介
这是一个关于匆匆教案课件PPT，主要是写了本文围绕“匆匆”展开叙述，先写日子一去不复返的特点；再写自己八千多个日子来去匆匆和稍纵即逝，作者思绪万千，由景及人，叹息不已。最后，作者发出内心的感叹等内容。汉语词语,意为十分急忙的样子，或形容时间过得飞快。
匆匆教案课件PPT是由红软PPT免费下载网推荐的一款语文课件类型的PowerPoint.
匆匆
作者简介
朱自清，原名自华，字佩弦，号秋实
生于光绪二十四年十月初九( 1898年11月22日)，逝于1948年8月12日
现代著名散文家、诗人、学者、战士。原籍浙江绍兴。
作品赏析
朱自清的散文诗《匆匆》写于1922年3月28日。时是“五四”落潮期，现实不断给作者以失望。但是诗人在彷徨中并不甘心沉沦，他站在他的“中和主义”立场上执着地追求着。
全诗在淡淡的哀愁中透出诗人心灵不平的低诉，这也反映了“五四”落潮期知识青年的普遍情绪。
作品赏析
本文围绕“匆匆”展开叙述，先写日子一去不复返的特点；再写自己八千多个日子来去匆匆和稍纵即逝，作者思绪万千，由景及人，叹息不已。最后，作者发出内心的感叹。
文章的特点：
一是结构精巧，层次清楚，转承自然，首尾呼应
二是文字清秀隽永，纯朴简练
三是情景交融，无论是写燕子、杨柳、桃花，还是写太阳，都与“我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢”的感叹融为一体，处处流露出作者对时光流逝感到无奈和惋惜。
译者简介
V1:张培基：中国翻译界的权威专家，桃李满天下，著作颇丰。张教授的翻译风格忠实凝炼，英文十分地道。
V2:张梦井：英语教授。硕士生导师。在语言学、翻译学、交际学、社会和文化不等领域都有颇深的研究。
Outline
Part1.选词忠于原文风格与情感
Part2.选词准确译出语义连贯译文
Part3.句子结构与句法处理
在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去；象针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音也没有影子。我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了
“ooze”和“trickle”
传神地表达了作者因紧张、焦虑、羞愧而出汗和流泪的情景
“dripping”和“weeping”
表达了汗流浃背、满头大汗、泪眼滂沱的形象
太阳他有脚啊，轻轻悄悄地挪移了；我也茫茫然跟着旋转
V1:The sun has feet too，edging away softly and stealthily. And，without knowing it，I am alerady caught in its revolution .
我觉察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽时，他又从遮挽着的手边过去，
V1: Aware of its fleeting presence. I reach out for it only to find it brushing past my feet.
Fleeting: 短暂的；闪现的，一闪即逝的。
brushing past：擦过
V2:When I feel them go away so hurriedly， I reach out my hands only to hold them back before they are beyond my grasp.
hurriedly：仓促地，慌忙地
Fleeting& hurriedly
Fleeting： 能够形象地表示出时间的短暂性，是转瞬即逝的。就好像我们在说话的此刻，时间已经一分一秒地过去，并且一去不复返。这是客观的，使我们无法控制的。
Hurry ：则给人一种急急忙忙的感觉，有主观的意味在其中，无法表达出时光悄然而逝的意味，并且没有美感！
在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢？
V1: What have I been doing during the 8，000 fleeting days except wavering and wandering?
V2: In these over eight thousand hurried days， what has been left to me besides hesitation?
Hesitate&waver
这两个动词均含“犹豫，踌躇”之意。
Hesitate：普通用词，一般指在决定干什么， 选择什么或说什么等行动之前犹豫不决。通常指某件具体的事情。
Waver：指因优柔寡断而迟迟不见行动，或虽作出决定，但行动上却犹豫不决，因此含畏缩不前之意。
V1---（张培基译）
较准确与传神地译出原文作者的情感：对时光逝去的无奈
用词更具有美感，符合原文散文诗的特点。
V2---（张梦井译）
有些选词不能准确地传达作者的感情
部分选词没有美感
小结
原文风格与感情不可忽视
文学翻译要注意措辞的文学性， 创造性， 具有文学色彩
译者必须心领神会原作的精神， 避免机 械地逐词翻译
译者应先捕捉原作的思想、感情、风格、神韵， 然后运用自己的匠心把它们表现在另一语言里。
题目 “ 匆 匆 ” V1:The Transient Days
V2:Days gone by
transient 1.“transient”的暂短，转瞬即逝与文中主题“匆匆”意义相符——the days passed quickly without being conscious of them (在文中“匆匆”是表达了作者对时光匆匆流逝而感到无奈) 2.“transient”一词更能表达出对短暂的事物的无奈，感慨之情。如what a transient life! (多么短暂的生命啊！)
go by 1.体现出的是“时间在逝去”，还有“追悔失去的美好日子” 之意，并未体现出作者想表达的“短暂，快”
我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。
V1：I don't know how many days I am entitled to altogether， but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away.
V2:I don't know how many days I have been given， but the in my hands are becoming numbered.
Wear away
1.（消逝，衰退，变光滑，变薄，磨薄）一种形象化的翻译对应了作者形象化的描述
2.“wear away”这个词所表达的意思是一个过程，正好对应了文中的“渐渐”二字
Numbered
1.此词用在这里有点牵强，作者写此文时年仅二三十岁，用“时日无多”来形容显得有些不妥。
2.用此词翻译使文章失去了味道
聪明的你，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？
V1:But， tell me， you the wise， why should our days go by never to return?
V2:But please tell me， genius， why then have my days gone and never returned?
Wise
1.作为形容词在意思上和原文符合
2.多用于文学作品中
3.韵律
Genius
1.意思上与原文有出入
2.口语化
我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音也没有影子。
V1: ……my days are quietly dripping into the stream of time without leaving a trace.
V2:……my days been dripping into the river of time， quietly and invisibly.
Stream
1.不管从直译的角度，还是意译的角度这个词都符和文意。Stream这个词多用于文学作品中。
2.这个词有比喻性
River
1.一个很正规的词，无比喻性，使翻译出来的文章缺乏美感
2.指大事件的时间流
在逃去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢？
V1：Living in this world with its fleeting days and teeming millions， what can I do but waver and wander and live a transient life?
V2:In these swiftly escaping days， what can I do in this world amongst thousands of households?
Teeming millions
1.用teeming millions，来再现原文的“千门万户”，
与原文的夸张形容达到吻合
2. 属貌不似而神似
Thousands of households
1.所用的词语貌似忠实于原文，实际上仅有语言形式的对应，而非思想内涵的等值，是脱离语境，导致理解出现偏差，所以译文未能达意
小结
语言中一词多义的词语很多，词语的意义是不固定的，在不同的场合会有不同的意义，词语按不同的方式组合起来也会产生意义的变化，只有使它进入句子这样的符号链中，或者在特定的上下文中，其意义才能得到确定。
从翻译的角度来看，脱离上下文，就无法译出语义连贯的译文，因此在翻译实践中，必须结合具体的语境进行得体的选词，而不是把词孤立于语境之外，盲目地寻找字面上的“等值”。
老舍
搞创作的有遣字造词的自由，搞翻译的却没有；翻译工作者必须随着原文走，不能望生义，随便添减。
于是——洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。
V1.Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands; vanishes in the rice bowl when I have meal; passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie.
状语后置，主语只出现一次 复合英文习惯，整个句子紧密连接，层次感强，简洁
V2.When I wash my hands， my days wash off into my basin; when I am eating， the days vanish from my bowl; and when I am sitting silently， my days pass by my gazing eyes.
状语前置，主语出现了三次 按照中文习惯，死板地照搬中文的平行结构，拖沓
是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁？又藏在何处呢？是他们自己逃走了：现在又到了哪里呢？
V1. Perhaps they have been stolen by someone. But who could it be and who could be hide them? Perhaps they have just run away by themselves. But where could they be at present moment?
虚拟语气 表示了作者的怀疑、不相信，点明了时间的一维性、一去不复返性
V2.If some people have stolen them， then who are they? And where are they hidden? If they have escaped by themselves， then where are they now?
真实条件句 虽然是表示假设，但与文章主旨不符
但不能平的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭呢?
V1.Why should I be made to pass through this world for nothing?
被动语态 与《圣经》中上帝造物观点一致，符合西方人观念，易于读者理解
V2.But，this is unfair to me…why did I come to this world for nothing?
主动语态 比较汉语化，不符合西方人观念
由于表达习惯上的差异，英语往往习惯用被动语态来表达，
而汉语则用主动语态来表达。翻译时经常进行语态的转换是十分必要的。
从语法角度看，在未明确主语的前提下用被动语态更佳
过去的日子如轻烟却被微风吹了，如薄雾，被初阳蒸融了。 {一个主语，两个宾语，谓语采用被动式，并列分句}
V1.The bygone days， like wisps of smoke， have been dispersed by gentle winds， and， like thin mist， have been evaporated by the rising sun.
句子成分与汉语相同，两个并列分句句式相同
V2. The past days like light smoke are blown away with the breeze or like a thin layer of mist evaporate with the morning sun.
两个并列分句句式相异，后句采用了主动式，变宾语为状语
小结
“翻译时并不是所有的平行或对等结构都要‘对等的’译过去，否则译文会变得邋遢又啰嗦，也不能表达出原文的深层含义”
——张培基
由于表达习惯上的差异，英语往往习惯用被动语态来表达，而汉语则用主动语态来表达。翻译时经常进行语态的转换是十分必要的。从语法角度看，在未明确主语的前提下用被动语态更佳
reference
谈译文的形式与内容--比较张培基和张梦井翻译的朱自清散文《匆匆》
《实用汉英翻译教程》外语教学与研究出版社
《汉英翻译基础》 上海外语教育出版社
A Course in Chinese-English Translation
http://bbs.englishcn.com/viewthread.php?tid=12212
《张培基先生和他的翻译》
Thank you ^^
附：《匆匆》原文及两个译文
燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？——是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁？又藏在何处呢？是他们自己逃走了：现在又到了哪里呢？
我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去；象针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音也没有影子。我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。
去的尽管去了，来的尽管来着，去来的中间，又怎样的匆匆呢？早上我起来的时候，小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。太阳他有脚啊，轻轻悄悄地挪移了；我也茫茫然跟着旋转。于是——洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。我觉察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽时，他又从遮挽着的手边过去，天黑时，我躺在床上，他便伶伶俐俐地从我身边垮过，从我脚边飞去了。等我睁开眼和太阳再见，这算又溜走了一日。我掩着面叹息。但是新来的日子的影儿又开始在叹息里闪过了。
在逃去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢？只有徘徊罢了，只有匆匆罢了；在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢？过去的日子如轻烟却被微风吹散了，如薄雾，被初阳蒸融了；我留着些什么痕迹呢？我何曾留着象游丝样的痕迹呢？我赤裸裸来到这世界，转眼间也将赤裸裸地回去罢？但不能平的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊？
你聪明的，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？
1922年3月28日
张培基译文
Transient Days
If swallows go away，they will come back again. If willows wither， they will turn green again.If peach blossoms fade， they will flower again. But， tell me， you the wise， why should our days go by never to return? Perhaps they have been stolen by someone. But who could it be and who could be hide them?Perhaps they have just run away by themselves. But where could they be at present moment? I don't know how many days I am entitled to altogether， but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away. Counting up silently， I find that more than 8.000 days have already slipped away through my fingers.Like a drop of water falling off a needle point into the ocean， my days are quietly dripping into the stream of time without leaving a trace. At the thought of this ，sweat oozes from my forehead and tears tickle down my cheeks.
What is gone is gone， what is to come keeps coming. How swift is the transition in between! When I get up in the morning， the slanting sun cast two or three squnrish patches of light into my small room.The sun has feet too，edging away softly and stealthily.And，without knowing it，I am alerady caught in its revolution .Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands; vanishes in the rice bowl when I hane meal;passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie. Aware of its fleeting presence. I reach out for it only to find it brushing past my feet.By the time when I open my eyes to meet the sun again ，another day ia already gone.I have a sign，my head buried in my hands.But，in the midst of my sights，a new day is flashing past. Living in this world with its fleeting days and teeming millions， what can I do but waver and wander and live a transient life ? What have I been doing during the 8，000 fleeting days except wavering and wandering? the bygone days， like wisps of smoke， have been dispersed by gentle winds， and， like thin mist，have been vaporated by the rising sun. What traces have I left behind? No ，nothing，not even gossamer-like traces.I have come to this world stark naked， and in the twinkling of an eye，I am go to back as stark naked as ever. However， I am taking it very much to heart: why should I be made to pass through this world for nothing at all? O you the wise， would you tell me please: why should our days go by never to return?
张梦井译文
Days Gone By
When the swallows have gone， there is still time to return; when the poplar and willow trees have become withered， there is still time to see green; when the peach flowers have already faded， there is still time to blossom. But please tell me， the genius， why then have my days gone and never returned? If some people have stolen them， then who are they? And where are they hidden? If they have escaped by themselves， then where are they now? I don't know how many days I have been given， but the in my hands are becoming numbered. Counting silently， eight thousand days have slipped by. Just like water drops a pinpoint dripping slowly into the vast ocean， my days been dripping into the river of time， quietly and invisibly. I can’t help dripping with sweat and weeping many tears.
Although the goings have gone and the comings are constantly coming， how hurried is the time between? When I get up in the morning， I see two or three ribbons of light streaming into my room. The sun also has feet; it moves away on tiptoe and I follow it aimlessly. When I wash my hands， my days wash off into my basin; when I am eating， the days vanish from my bowl; and when I am sitting silently， my days pass by my gazing eyes. When I feel them go away so hurriedly， I reach out my hands only to hold them back before they are beyond my grasp. When it is dark， I lie upon my bed and watch days cleverly jump over my body or fly away from my feet. When I open my eyes to meet the sun again， another day has gone by. I cover my face and sigh， but the spark of a new day begins to flash away in my breath. In these swiftly escaping days， what can I do in this world amongst thousands of households? I can do nothing but hesitate and hurry. In these over eight thousand hurried days， what has been left to me besides hesitation? The past days like light smoke are blown away with the breeze or like a thin layer of mist evaporate with the morning sun. And what mark have I left in the world? When have I ever left a mark as tiny as a hairspring? I came to this world naked， soon I’ll leave here naked too. But， it's unfair to me. . . why did I come to this world for nothing? You， the genius， please tell me why our days have gone by and have never returned?
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