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这是玛丽·雪莱ppt，包括了Introduction，珀西·比希·雪莱，教学过程，雪莱致伊丽莎白-西琴勒的情书，Second Wife: Mary Shelley等内容，欢迎点击下载。
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content Background背景 Introduction介绍 . Lifetime 生平 Marriage 婚姻 Opus 作品 Feature 特点风格 Position 地位 Comments 评价 background At the turn of the18th and19thcenturies romanticism appeared in England as a new trend in literature.It rose and grew under the impetus of the Industrial Revolution and French Revolution. 英国的浪漫主义文学崛起于它产生于18世纪末，19世纪上半叶为繁荣时期。工业革命（ Industrial Revolution）和1789年的法国大革命(French Revolution)，给对人类的未来带来了希望，并对英国社会造成冲击。 背景 英国是最早出现浪漫主义文学的国家之一。英国的浪漫主义文学代表了19世纪欧洲浪漫主义文学的最高成就。英国浪漫主义内部思想精神复杂，有柯勒律治的浪漫的超自然主义、华兹华斯的英国国教的正统主义、雪莱的无神论的精神主义、拜伦的革命的自由主义、司各特的对以往时代的缅怀，等等。但英国的浪漫主义还是有着鲜明的英国气质，即“自然主义”。 Introduction Shelly， one of the leading Romantic poets， an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language. English romantic poet who rebelled against English politics and conservative values. He was not only a Platonist， but also an idealist. His work reflected the radical ideas and revolutionary optimism of the era. lifetime Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1827)， English Romantic poet who rebelled against English politics and conservative values. Shelley drew no essential distinction between poetry and politics， and his work reflected the radical ideas and revolutionary optimism of the era. Shelley was born on August 4， 1792， near Horsham in Sussex， into an aristocratic family. His father， Timothy Shelley， was a Sussex squire and a member of Parliament. Shelley attended Syon House Academy and Eton and in 1810 he entered the Oxford University College. 珀西·比希·雪莱 (1792-1827)，英国浪漫主义诗人，反对英语政治和保守的价值观。雪莱对诗”与“政治没有作本质的区别，他的作品反映了那个时代乐观和革命的激进想法。雪莱出生于1792年8月4日苏塞克斯，进入贵族家庭。他的父亲，提摩太雪莱、是苏塞克斯乡绅和国会的一员。雪莱进入Syon HOUSE伊顿公学和在1810年他进入牛津大学。 lifetime In 1811 Shelley was expelled from the college for publishing The Necessity Of Atheism， which he wrote with Thomas Jefferson Hogg. Shelley's father withdrew his inheritance in favor of a small annuity， after he eloped with the 16-year old Harriet Westbrook. The pair spent the following two years traveling in England and Ireland， distributing pamphlets and speaking against political injustice. In 1813 Shelley published his first important poem， Queen Mab. 1811年雪莱出版<无神论的必要性>被大学开除，那本书是他与托马斯·杰斐逊-豪格一同编著。在他同16岁大的Harriet Westbrook私奔后，雪莱的父亲撤回了他的产业赞成一种小年金。两人在接下来的两年英格兰和爱尔兰旅游、分发宣传小册子和声明反对政治的不公平。在1813雪莱发表了他的第一首重要的诗《麦布女王》. 牛津大学 伊顿公学 lifetime In 1818 the Shelleys moved to Italy， where Byron was residing. In 1819 they went to Rome and in 1820 to Pisa. Shelley's works from this period include Julian And Maddalo， an exploration of his relations with Byron and Prometheus Unbound， a lyrical drama. The Cenci was a five-act tragedy based on the history of a 16th-century Roman family， and The Mask Of Anarchy was a political protest which was written after the Peterloo massacre. In 1822 the Shelley household moved to the Bay of Lerici. There Shelley began to write The Triumph Of Life. 当1818年雪莱搬到意大利， 拜伦那里居住。在1819年他们去了罗马，在1820年到比萨斜塔。雪莱的这一时期的作品，包括朱利安和Maddalo，一部探索他和普罗米修斯关系的抒情的戏剧表演。Cenci是一个以十六世纪罗马家庭为基础的五幕悲剧， The Mask Of Anarchy是一部写于Peterloo大屠杀之后表达对政治不满的书 。1822年雪莱的家庭搬到海湾的Lerici。在雪莱的胜利开始写作生活 lifetime The poet's marriage to Harriet was a failure. In 1814 Shelley traveled abroad with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin， the daughter of the philosopher and anarchist William Godwin (1756-1836). During this journey Shelley wrote an unfinished novella， The Assassins (1814). After their return to London， Shelley came into an annual income under his grandfather's will. Harriet drowned herself in the Serpentine in 1816. Shelley married Mary Wollstonecraft and his favorite son William was born in 1816. 诗人与向哈里特的婚姻是失败的。在1814年雪莱与玛丽·渥斯通克拉夫特·戈德温，哲学家和无政府主义威廉·戈德温(1756-1836)的女儿，出国旅游。在这个旅程中雪莱写了一未完成的作品<刺客>(1814年)。在他们回到伦敦、在他祖父遗嘱中雪莱拿到一笔年金。哈里特在1816年Serpentine溺水身亡。雪莱和玛丽结婚了，他最喜欢的儿子威廉·出生在1816。 died To welcome his friend Leigh Hunt， he sailed to Leghorn. During the stormy return voyage to Lerici， his small schooner the Ariel sank and Shelley drowned with Edward Williams on July 8， 1822. The bodies were washed ashore at Viareggio， where， in the presence of Lord Byron and Leigh Hunt， they were burned on the beach. Shelley was later buried in Rome 为了欢迎他的朋友李·亨特，他乘船去了Leghorn。在充满暴风雨返回Lerici途中，他的小帆船Ariel沉了，雪莱和爱德华威廉姆斯淹死了在7月8日， 1822年。这些尸体 被冲上岸在Viareggio，在那里，他们被焚烧 雪莱后被埋在罗马。 His First Wife When he was 19， he eloped with a 16-year old girl named Harriet Westbrook， the daughter of a London tavern owner. They married and spent the following two years traveling in England and Ireland， distributing pamphlets and speaking against political injustice. In 1813 Shelley published his first important poem， the atheistic Queen Mab(仙后麦布). 雪莱致伊丽莎白-西琴勒的情书 Shelley to Elizabeth Hitchhiker What is love， or friendship? Is it something material ... a ball， an apple， a plaything ... which must be taken from one to be given to another? Is it capable of no extension， no communication? Lord Kaimes defines love to be a particularization of the general passion. 何谓爱情?何谓友情?是一些实在的东西吗?是球、苹果、玩偶……可以信手拈来、随意给人的实物吗?是不能深化、不能交流的吗?Kaimes勋爵给爱情下的定义是，爱情是一般激情的特殊体现。 But this is the love of sensation， of sentiment ... the absurdest of absurd vanities: it is the love of pleasure， not the love of happiness. The one is a love which is selfcentered， selfinterested: It desires its own interest; it is the parent of jealousy. Its object is the plaything which it desires to monopolize. 但这是肉欲之爱、情欲之爱……是荒谬绝伦的逢场作戏，是寻欢作乐的爱，不是幸福的爱。这是一种自私自利的爱，它只求利已，是嫉妒之源，其目的在于垄断追求的玩物，其本质是私心、垄断。 Selfishness， monopoly， is its very soul， and to communicate to others part of this love were to destroy its essence， to annihilate this chain of straw. 这种爱的表现也是对爱的亵渎，使脆如纤草的爱泯灭殆尽。 But love， the love which we worship ， ... virtue， heaven， disinterestedness ... in a word， Friendship ... which has as much to do with the senses as with yonder mountains; that which seeks the good of all ... the good of its object first， not because that object is a minister to its Pleasures， not merely because it even contributes to its happiness， but because it is really worthy， because it has powers， sensibilities， is capable of abstracting itself， and loving virtue's own loveliness ... 但我们崇拜的爱，象征美德、天意和无私，一句话，真情……它既能感知，又与远方山头上的云朵息息相通。它追求大家的幸福……首先是对方的幸福，不是因为对方给予欢乐，有愧于心，因为它有力量，有情感，并能无私奉献，因为美德的可爱而受美德…… 爱情结婚也许不是推动作家成功的必然，但势必好的爱情婚姻会起到促进作用 雪莱的婚姻一开始就被他的敌人当作最好的武器来攻击他，当那些富于浪漫的骑士精神经过理性的冷却，他那场仓猝的婚姻中较为真实的一面随着两个人的成长开始显现。雪莱不得不承认婚姻并没有救助他的妻子，婚姻只是将两个人绑在一起来承受另一种折磨。在精神上，感情上，两个人之间的差异越来越大。这一时期，雪莱结识了葛德文的女儿玛丽·葛德文（Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin，1797年-1851年），即著名女作家Mary Shelley，他们相爱了，出走至欧洲大陆同游，他们对于爱情和婚姻的理想纯洁到连最严苛的批评家也无法置词。雪莱死后，玛丽为他的诗全集编注 Second Wife: Mary Shelley . In 1814， he fell in love with a girl named Mary Godwin and eloped with her. Mary is the daughter of the philosopher and anarchist William Godwin (1756-1836). They traveled abroad . During this journey Shelley wrote an unfinished novella， The Assassins. 诗歌 《爱尔兰人之歌》（The Irishman`s Song，1809） 《战争》（War，1810） 《魔鬼出行》（The Devil`s Walk，1812） 《麦布女王》（Queen Mab，1813） 《一个共和主义者有感于波拿巴的倾覆》（Feelings Of A Republican On The Fall Of Bonaparte，1816） 《玛丽安妮的梦》（Marianne`s` Dream，1817） 《致大法官》（To The Lord Chancellor，1817） 《奥西曼迭斯》（Ozymandias，1817） 《逝》（The Past，1818） 《一朵枯萎的紫罗兰》（On A Faded Violet，1818） 《召苦难》（Invocation To Misery，1818） 《致玛丽》（To Mary，1818） 《伊斯兰的反叛》（The Revolt of Islam，1818） 《1819年的英国》（England in 1819，1819） 《饥饿的母亲》（A Starving Mother，1819） 《解放的普罗米修斯》（Prometheus Unbound，1819） 《罗萨林和海伦》（Rosalind and Helen，1819） 《钦契》（The Cenci，1819） 《含羞草》（The Sensitive Plant，1820） 《云》（The Cloud，1820） 《致云雀》（To A Skylark，1820） 《自由颂》（Ode To Liberty，1820） 《阿多尼斯》（Adonais，1821） 《一盏破碎的明灯》（Lines，1822） 剧本 《倩契》（The Cenci，1819，五幕悲剧） 《暴虐的俄狄浦斯》（Oedipus Tyrannus，1820，诗剧） 《希腊》（Greece，1821，抒情诗剧） Others On A Faded Violet 《一朵枯萎的紫罗兰》 On A Faded Violet 一朵枯萎的紫罗兰 The odor from the flower is gone， 这朵花的芬芳，已经消隐， Which like thy kisses breathed on me; 像你的吻对我吐露过的气息； Which glowed of thee， and only thee! 它曾使我想起你独有的光辉！ A shriveled， lifeless， vacant form， 一个萎缩、僵死、空虚的形体， It lies on my abandoned breast， 被搁置在我冷落的胸襟， And mocks the heart， which yet is warm， 以它冷漠、寂静、无声的安息 With cold and silent rest. 嘲弄我依旧热烈的痴心。 I weep ---- my tears revive it not; 我哭泣，泪水不能使它复生； I sigh ---- it breathes no more on me; 我叹息，不再向我吐露气息； Its mute and uncomplaining lot 它静默无声无所怨尤的命运， Is such as mine should be. 正和我应得的那样一种无异 Love’s Philosophy The fountains mingle with the river And the rivers with the ocean， The winds of Heaven mix for ever With a sweet emotion; Nothing in the world is single， All things by a law divine In one spirit meet and mingle - Why not I with thine? See the mountains kiss high Heaven And the waves clasp one another; No sister-flower would be forgiven If it disdained its brother; And the sunlight clasps the earth， And the moonbeams kiss the sea What are all these kissings worth If thou kiss not me? 泉入河流 河流入海 天堂吹来的风总伴着甜甜的情意 世间万物皆成双成对 奉神旨意 一个魂灵必与另一魂灵相融 为什么 我和你，不能如此？ 看！高山吻了天空 浪花耳鬓厮磨 花间女儿不重情义 招来世人埋怨 阳光将大地紧拥怀中 月光轻柔地吻着层层浪波 但——我爱的人啊， 若你不愿吻在我唇上， 那美妙的一切 又与我何干？ 西风颂 Ode to the West Wind I O wild West Wind， thou breath of Autumn's being， Thou， from whose unseen presence the leaves dead Are driven， like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing， Yellow， and black， and pale， and hectic red， Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou， Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed The winged seeds， where they lie cold and low， Each like a corpse within its grave， until Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth， and fill (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air) With living hues and odours plain and hill: Wild Spirit， which art moving everywhere; Destroyer and preserver; hear， oh hear! 哦，犷野的西风，你秋之实体的气息! 由于你无形无影的出现，万木萧疏， 似鬼魅逃避驱魔巫师，蔫黄，魆黑， 苍白，潮红，疫疠摧残的落叶无数， 四散飘舞；哦，你又把有翅的种籽 凌空运送到他们阴暗的越冬床圃； 仿佛是一具具僵卧在坟墓里的尸体， 他们将分别蛰伏，冷落而又凄凉， 直到阳春你蔚蓝的姐妹向梦中的大地 吹响她嘹亮的号角(如同牧放群羊， 驱送香甜的花蕾到空气中觅食就饮) 给高山平原注满生命的色彩和芬芳。 不羁的精灵，你啊，你到处运行； 你破坏，你也保存，听，哦，听! II Thou on whose stream， mid the steep sky's commotion， Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shed， Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean， Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread On the blue surface of thine a{:e}ry surge， Like the bright hair uplifted from the head Of some fierce Maenad， even from the dim verge Of the horizon to the zenith's height， The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge Of the dying year， to which this closing night Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre， Vaulted with all thy congregated might Of vapours， from whose solid atmosphere Black rain， and fire， and hail will burst: oh hear! 在你的川流上，在骚动的高空， 纷乱的乌云，那雨和电的天使， 正像大地凋零枯败的落叶无穷， 挣脱天空和海洋交错缠接的柯枝， 飘流奔泻；在你清虚的波涛表面， 似梅娜德头上扬起的蓬勃青丝， 从那茫茫地平线阴暗的边缘 直到苍穹的绝顶，到处都散布着 迫近的暴风雨飘摇翻腾的发卷。 你啊，垂死残年的挽歌，四合的夜幕 在你聚集的全部水汽威力支撑下， 将构成他那庞大墓穴的拱形顶部。 从你那雄浑磅礴的氛围，将迸发 黑色的雨、火、冰雹；哦，听啊! III Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams The blue Mediterranean， where he lay， Lull'd by the coil of his cryst{`a}lline streams， Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay， And saw in sleep old palaces and towers Quivering within the wave's intenser day， All overgrown with azure moss and flowers So sweet， the sense faints picturing them! Thou For whose path the Atlantic's level powers Cleave themselves into chasms， while far below The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear The sapless foliage of the ocean， know Thy voice， and suddenly grow gray with fear， And tremble and despoil themselves: oh hear! 你，哦，是你把蓝色的地中海 从梦中唤醒，他在一整个夏天 都酣睡在贝伊湾一座浮石岛外， 被澄澈的流水喧哗声催送入眠， 梦见了古代的楼台、塔堡和宫闱， 在澎湃汹涌的波光里不住地抖颤， 全都长满了蔚蓝色苔藓和花卉， 馨香馥郁，如醉的知觉难以描摹。 哦，为了给你让路，大西洋水 豁然开裂，而在浩淼波澜深处， 海底花藻和枝叶无汁的淤泥丛林， 哦，由于把你的呼啸声辨认出， 一时都惨然变色，胆怵心惊， 战栗着自行凋落；听，哦，听! IV If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear; If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee; A wave to pant beneath thy power， and share The impulse of thy strength， only less free Than thou， O uncontrollable! If even I were as in my boyhood， and could be The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven， As then， when to outstrip thy skiey speed Scarce seem'd a vision; I would ne'er have striven As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need. Oh， lift me as a wave， a leaf， a cloud! I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed! A heavy weight of hours has chain'd and bow'd One too like thee: tameless， and swift， and proud. 我若是一朵轻捷的浮云，能随你同飞， 我若是一片落叶，能为你所提携， 我若是一重波浪，能喘息于你的神威， 分享你雄强的脉搏，自由不羁， 仅次于，哦，仅次于不可控制的你； 我若能像在少年时，作为伴侣， 随你同游天际，因为在那时节， 似乎超越你天界的神速也不为奇迹； 我也就不至于像现在这样急切， 向你苦苦祈求。哦，快把我飏起， 就像你飏起波浪、浮云、落叶! 我倾覆于人生的荆棘!我在流血! 岁月的重负压制着的这一个太像你， 像你一样，骄傲，不驯，而且敏捷 V Make me thy lyre， even as the forest is: What if my leaves are falling like its own! The tumult of thy mighty harmonies Will take from both a deep， autumnal tone， Sweet though in sadness. Be thou， Spirit fierce， My spirit! Be thou me， impetuous one! Drive my dead thoughts over the universe Like wither'd leaves to quicken a new birth! And， by the incantation of this verse， Scatter， as from an unextinguish'd hearth Ashes and sparks， my words among mankind! Be through my lips to unawaken'd earth The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind， If Winter comes， can Spring be far behind? 像你以森林演奏，请也以我为琴， 哪怕我的叶片也像森林的一样凋谢! 你那非凡和谐的慷慨激越之情， 定能从森林和我同奏出深沉的秋乐， 悲怆却又甘洌。但愿你勇猛的精灵 竟是我的魂魄，我能成为剽悍的你! 请把我枯萎的思绪播送宇宙， 就像你驱遣落叶催促新的生命， 请凭借我这韵文写就的符咒， 就像从未灭的余烬飏出炉灰和火星， 把我的话语传遍天地间万户千家， 通过我的嘴唇，向沉睡未醒的人境， 让预言的号角奏鸣!哦，风啊， 赏析西风颂 这是一首脍炙人口、含蕴深刻的写景名篇。诗人以饱含激情的笔触抒写了秋之生命的呼吸——狂暴的西风，创造出既是破坏者又是保护者的鲜明的西风形象。感情真挚磅，格调高昂激越。 全诗共五节，由五首十四行诗组成。从形式上看，五个小节格律完整，可以独立成篇。从内容来看，它们又熔为一体，贯穿着一个中心思想。 第一节描写西风扫除林中残叶，吹送生命的种籽。 第二节描写西风搅动天上的浓云密雾，呼唤着暴雨雷电的到来。 第三节描写西风掀起大海的汹涌波涛，摧毁海底花树 三节诗三个意境，诗人幻想的翅膀飞翔在树林、天空和大海之间，飞翔在现实和理想之间，形象鲜明，想象丰富，但中心思想只有一个，就是歌唱西风扫除腐朽、鼓舞新生的强大威力。 从第四节开始，由写景转向抒情，由描写西风的气势转向直抒诗人的胸臆，抒发诗人对西风的热爱和向往，达到情景交融的境界，而中心思想仍然是歌唱西风。因此，结构严谨，层次清晰，主题集中，是《西风颂》一个突出的艺术特点。第五部分在意义上延承第四部分，又有一些递进冬天已经来了，春天还会遥远吗?诗作在诗人对革命与未来美好的展望中戛然而止，读罢令人卓立风发，倍受鼓舞 Features of Shelley’s Poetry Rich in myth， symbols and classical allusions， short poems on nature and love. Strong dramatic power as shown in the rapidity of his lines; Style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech. Points of View A lifelong aversion (厌恶) to cruelty， injustice， authority， condemning tyranny and exploitation and unjust war， glorified freedom， expressed his sympathy for the oppressed. To him the emancipation(解放）of mankind could only be won “by resolute perseverance and indefatigable(有耐性的） hope， and long suffering and long-believing courage， and the systematic efforts of generations of men of intellect and virtue. He did not understand the necessity of armed struggle for a better society. Some pictures about his books His Position in English History One of the leading romantic poets， an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language. As far as his lyric poems are concerned， he is regarded as one of the greatest of all English poets. He was the first poet in Europe who sang for the working class Comments Wordsworth said， “Shelly is one of the best artists of us all”. Byron， his best friend， called Shelly “the best and least selfish man I ever knew”. He and Byron are justifiably regarded as two great poets of revolutionary romanticism in England. Engels wrote: Shelly， the genius， the prophet， Shelly and Byron， with his glowing sensuality and his bitter satire upon our existing society， find most of their readers in the proletariat(无产阶级）.
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