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RENAISSANCE
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Text Study _II_1.2
Humanism
Humanism is an approach in study， philosophy， worldview or practice that focuses on human values and concerns. It was a cultural movement in Italy based on and inspired by the study of classical works.
以人为本是一种在研究，哲学，世界观和实践的方法，注重人的价值和关注。这是一个在意大利基础上上文化运动，灵感来自经典作品的研究。
Middle Ages vs. Renaissance
400-1400
Religious
Rural culture
Arts are God-centered
Poor
Intellectual stagnation
1400-1600
“Humanist”
Urban culture
Arts more human-centered
Wealthy
New ideas are discussed
What are the main causes of the Renaissance in Italy?
The invention of the printing press – 1440
The siege of Constantinople – 1453
Italian urban culture
Italian trade and contact with other cultures
Map of Italian City-States (1494)
Siege of Constantinople – 1453 君士坦丁堡的陷落
Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul in Turkey) was the capital of the Byzantine Empire（拜占庭帝国）， the last vestige of the Eastern Roman Empire.
Italian contact with other cultures
Because of its convenient location in the Mediterranean， Italian city-states had an advantage over Northern Europe (the Hanseatic League) in that they were in the ideal location to trade with the rest of the world. The Mediterranean sea (地中海) is an ideal place to trade with other nations of vastly different culture.
Patronage of the Arts 提倡艺术
Art of the Renaissance was able to flourish as sculptors， architects， and artists were able to focus their attention on their work instead of trying to find a way to make money.
文艺复兴时期的艺术蓬勃发展，作为雕塑家，建筑师和艺术家们能够把注意力集中于自己的工作，而不是试图找到一种方法来赚钱。
Florence
Florence (of Tuscany) is known as the “City of Flowers.” This city is usually considered the birthplace and center of the Italian Renaissance.
佛罗伦萨（托斯卡纳）被称为“花城”这个城市通常被认为是意大利文艺复兴时期的发源地和中心
Medici Chapels
Milan
Center of “Lombardy”
Venice
Genoa
Literature of the Renaissance
Giovanni Boccaccio – The Decameron
Nicolo Machiavelli – The Prince
Francesco Petrarch – Various Love Poetry
Famous Men of the Renaissance
Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo
Donatello
Raphael
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian Renaissance polymath (博学者): painter， sculptor， architect， musician， scientist， mathematician， engineer， inventor， anatomist， geologist， cartographer， botanist and writer whose genius， epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal.
达芬奇是意大利文艺复兴时期的博学者：画家，雕塑家，建筑师，音乐家，科学家，数学家，工程师，发明家，解剖学家，地质学家，制图师，植物学家和作家，他的天才，集中体现了文艺复兴时期的人文主义理想。
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Some of his greatest and most famous works include The Last Supper and Mona Lisa.
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Michelangelo (1475-1564)
Michelangelo was an Italian Renaissance painter， sculptor， architect， poet， and engineer who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.
米开朗基罗是意大利文艺复兴时期的画家，雕塑家，建筑师，诗人和工程师，对西方艺术的发展产生了无与伦比的影响力。
Michelangelo (1475-1564)
Pieta， is a sculptureof Mary holding the dead body of Jesus.
Michelangelo (1475-1564)
Ceiling of Sistine Chapel（西斯廷教堂） took four years to complete.
Donatello (1386-1466)
Donatello was an early Renaissance Italian artist and sculptor from Florence. He is most famous for his bronze statues（青铜雕像）.
Donatello (1386-1466)
Bronze casting of David.
Raphael (1483-1520)
Raphael was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance.
Raphael (1483-1520)
School of Athens
1492 in Spain!
Cervantes（赛万提）
He was a novelist， a dramatist(剧作家) and a poet. His best know work is Don Quixote（唐吉诃德）， a story about the hero Don Quixote and his companion Sancho Panza.
Renaissance in the Low North
The Low Countries refers to the area of The Netherlands (荷兰) and Flanders (佛兰德斯).
Desiderius Erasmus
Desiderius Erasmus (1466 –1536)was a Dutch
Renaissance humanist，Catholic priest， and a theologian from The Netherlands.
伊拉斯谟（1466-1536）是一家荷兰文艺复兴时期的人文主义者，天主教神父和神学家
Pieter Bruegel the Elder（老彼得·勃鲁盖尔）
Pieter Bruegel (c. 1525 – 1569) was a renaissance painter and printmaker known for his landscapes and peasant scenes.
勃鲁盖尔（公元前1525年至1569年），文艺复兴时期的画家和版画家，以风景画和农民场景著名。
Renaissance in England
Due to such circumstances as the War of the Roses (a civil war between the Houses of York and Lancaster) and England’s relatively isolated geographic location， the Renaissance did not make it to England until much later. It was not until the reign of Elizabeth I that stability came to England， allowing the arts to finally flourish.
Thomas More
Sir Thomas More (1478 – 1535) was an English lawyer， social philosopher， author， statesman and noted Renaissance humanist.
托马斯·莫尔爵士（1478 - 1535）是英国律师，社会哲学家，作家，政治家和著名文艺复兴时期的人文主义者
Shakespeare
Shakespeare (1564 – 1616) was a playwright that lived through the Elizabethan period of England. His plays are known for being full of archetypes (原型) and cleverly depicting the “human condition.”
Supplementary Resources_I_1.2
Supplementary Resources_I_1.3
Supplementary Resources_I_1.4
Supplementary Resources_I_1.4
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