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动名词的用法 1、动名词做主语和表语 1._________(walk) is my sole exercise. 2.It's hopeless____(argue)about it. 3.It was a waste of time _______(read) that book. 4 It's a wonder _______(meet)you here. 5. He's selfish， there is no _____(deny)it. 6.There is _________(mistake) in his intension. 7.Their pastime is _______(go) to movies. 8.Her favorite sport is ______(ski). 1).动名词的被动形式作动词的宾语和介词的宾语 a.He hates being interrupted. I appreciate being given this opportunity. He just missed being caught. b.I object to being spoken to like that. He hope to get out without being seen. He ran away for fear of being hurt. 2).动名词的完成形式作动词的宾语和介词的宾语 a.He denied having been there. He reported having met only a cyclist. b.Don't be angry with me for not having written to you. After having had some practice， he decided to try again. 动名词的逻辑主语多用一个物主代词或名词所有格表示： a. 主语前 It seems so strange your going like this. Her going off in such a hurry is very risky. b. 宾语前 I hate your going away. Excuse my opening your letter by mistake. c. 介词宾语前 I strongly object to your saying that. I fed up with your grumbling. 二、宾语从句 1. that 引导的宾语从句 2.由连接代（副）词引导的从句 1)动词加连接代词或连接副词引导的从句： 2). whether 和 if 也常用来引导宾语从句： 3. 由关系代词型what 引导的从句 Have you got what you wanted? She was shocked by what she had seen. 1). whatever 引导宾语从句 I will do whatever you wish. I always succeed in whatever I try. 2).whichever， whomever也可引导宾语从句 Buy whichever is cheapest. Give it to whomever you like. 三、 定语从句 1.限定性定语从句 大多数定语从句对所修饰词的意思加以限制，以表示...的人/东西称为限定性定语从句通常由关系代词(a)或关系副词(b)引导： a. Everyone who (taht) knew him liked him. The car which I hired broke down. b.This is the village where I was born. These are the reasons why we do it. 注：定语从句中关系代词大多数情况下要省略，尤其在口语中。 2.非限定性定语从句 对所修饰的词没有限定词义的作用，而只是补充一些说明，通常都有一个逗号把它和句子的其他部分分开。在这类从句中不能使用关系代词that 和关系副词 why 也不能省略任何关系副词。 Sunday is a holiday， when people do not go to work. This is George， whose class you will be taking. 1) 在非限定性定语从句中which 和 whom 常和of或其他介词连用： I picked up the apples， some of which are badly bruised. She had eight children，three of whom lived to grow up. 2) which 有时不代表一个名词，而代表前面句子的全部或部分意思。 They rely on themselves， which is much better. He has to work on Sundays， which he doesn't like. 3) 一些其他定语从句 as做关系代词，引导定语从句主要和such 连用 We have such grapes as you never saw. as还可以单独引导定语从句 He was a foreigner， as I knew from hia accent. 4)but 引导定语从句 There are very few but admire his talents. 5) whereby， wherein，whereupon也可以引导定语从句 They've set a plan whereby you can spread the cost over a period 四、状语从句 1.时间状语从句 1)多由连词引导 When she pressed the button the lift stopped. All things are difficult before they are easy. 2)也有一些不由连词引导 He came directly I called. 2.条件状语从句 1) If 或unless 引导 If I were you，I'd go to night school. 2)其他连词或起连词作用的短语 Suppose you had a million pounds，how would you spend it? 3)由if引导的条件状语从句有时可将if 省略，而把从句语序倒装 Were it not for their assistance ，we would be in serious of diffculty. 3.目的状语从句 主要由that， so that， lest，so fear that，in case等引导： They spoke in whispers lest they should be heard. I'll show you so you can see how it's done. 4.结果状语从句 主要由so that， so....that， such...that， that等引导： It was such a cold night that we stayed at home. 5. 原因状语从句 1)主要由because，as，since，in case等引导 I did it because I was angry. As you make your bed， so you must lie on it. 2)某些Be+Adj.结构后的从句也说明原因 I'm glad he's feeling better. 6.让步状语从句 1)主要由although，though，while，whereas等连词引导，表示虽然，尽管这类意思 Some praised him， whereas others condemned him. Though he had very little money， he always managed to dress smartly. 2)其他类型的状语从句 You won't be heard， however loudly you shout. 7.方式状语从句 1)主要由as，like， as if， as though等引导 I did as he asked. Do it like he does. 2)这类状语间或也不用连词引导 You can travel how you please. Arrange the hours however you like . 8.地点状语从句 1)主要由where，wherever和anywhere引导 Where I live there are plenty of sheep. We'll go wherever you say. 2)where 引导的从句，除了表示地方外，还可以表示处境等 It's your fault that she is where she is. Where others are weak，he is strong. 9.比较状语从句 主要由than 或as 引导 He earns less than his wife. He is as tall as his father.
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