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这是ppt展示英文翻译，包括了科技文本及其主要类型，英语科技文献的翻译标准，英语科技文献的翻译过程，结合上下文，推敲词义，广泛使用被动句，非限定动词，词义的选择等内容，欢迎点击下载。
ppt展示英文翻译是由红软PPT免费下载网推荐的一款课件PPT类型的PowerPoint.
English Translation for Science and Technology Introduction to Translation 科技文本及其主要类型 从大的方面来分，科技文本主要包括专业科技文本和普通科技文本， 前者主要指某一科研领域内具有较高学术水平的专著、科研论文、实验报告等，其读者对象主要是一些科学家、大学教授、高级科研工作者、行业专家等人士， 后者主要指一些普及科技知识的科普读物、说明书、操作指南、安全手册等，其读者对象主要是一些学生、客户、工人等非专业的普通读者。 英语科技文献的翻译标准 科技翻译可以理解为一种科学的“语码转换”，科学性是其次，科技译文的正确性是最重要的。 忠实 --- 忠于原意，传达信息准确； 通顺 --- 文从字顺，译文风格贴近原文风格。 忠实 In computing work done， it is always important to keep in mind that the force and distance that are multiplied must be in the same direction. 相乘的力和距离的方向必须相同，在所作的计算工作中，记住这一点往往是重要的。 [改]在计算所做的功时，用以相乘的力和距离必须沿同一方向，始终记住这一点是很重要的。 Every body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line， unless acted upon by an external force. 每一物体如不受外力作用，将继续保持其静止状态或做匀速的直线运动。 [改]物体如不受外力作用，将继续保持其静止状态或做匀速直线运动。 通顺 Matter is anything having weight and occupying space. 物质是有重量和占据空间的任何东西。 [改]凡是物质，都具有重量和占有空间。 What is large and what is small is relative. 什么是大的和什么是小的是相对的。 [改]大和小是相对的。 The report noted that being overweight has been linked to sickness and death from such diseases as high blood pressure， diabetes(糖尿病)， heart disease and gallbladder（胆囊疾病）. 报告指出，过胖与疾病及诸如高血压、糖尿病、心脏病和胆囊疾病引起的死亡有关。 [改]报告指出，肥胖容易引起疾病，容易导致由高血压、糖尿病、心脏病和胆囊疾病等引起的死亡。 Three Qualifications for the Translation of EST Good Command of English Good Command of Chinese Familiarity with Knowledge of Science and Technology 英语科技文献的翻译过程 理解阶段 结合上下文，推敲词义 辨明语法，弄清关系 理解原文所涉及的事物 表达阶段 直译 意译 结合上下文，推敲词义 The rate of dissociation was followed by placing the unit on a scale and noting the weight loss due to chlorine(氯) evolution. [误] 离解速度可由在标尺上的刻度得出，并注意由于氯的放出而引起的重量损失。 [正]离解速度是通过下列方法求得的：将该设备放置在天平上，并记录由于氯的放出而引起的重量损失。 辨明语法，弄清关系 As friction manifests itself as a resistance that opposes motion， it is usually considered as a nuisance. [误] 摩擦是运动的阻力，因此阻力常被人看成讨厌的东西。 [正]摩擦是运动的阻力，因此常被人看成讨厌的东西。 Intense light and heat in the open contrasted with the coolness of shaded avenues and the interiors of buildings. [误] 强烈的光线和露天场所的炎热，同林荫道上的凉爽和建筑物内部形成了对比。 [正]露天场所的强烈光线和酷热，同林荫道上和建筑物内部的凉爽形成了对比。 直译 （Literal Translation） 直译：把忠实于原文的内容放在第一位，把忠实于原文的形式放在第二位，把通顺的译文形式放在第三位。 如果译文和原文相同的形式能表达和原文相同的内容，可以直译。 Translate literally wherever possible. 意译（Free / Liberal Translation） 意译：把忠实于原文的内容放在第一位，把通顺的译文形式放在第二位，不拘泥于原文的形式。 如果译文和原文相同的形式不能表达和原文相同的内容，一般意译。 Translate liberally if necessary. 日常英语 People get natural rubber from rubber trees as a white， milky liquid， which is called latex. They mix it with acid， and dry it， and then they send it to countries all over the world. As the rubber industry grew， people needed more and more rubber. They started rubber plantations in countries with hot， wet weather conditions， but these still could not give enough raw rubber to meet the needs of growing industry. 科技英语 Natural rubber is obtained from rubber trees as a white， milky liquid known as latex. This is treated with acid and dried before being dispatched to countries all over the world. As the rubber industry developed， more and more rubber was required. Rubber plantations were established in countries with a hot， humid climate， but these still could not supply sufficient raw rubber to satisfy the requirements of developing industry. 一、大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization） Archimedes first discovered the principle that water is displaced by solid bodies. Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发现固体排水的原理。 The earth rotates on its own axis， which causes the change from day to night. The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 Television transmits and receives images of moving objects by radio waves. Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 二、广泛使用被动句 Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine. 应当注意机器的工作温度。 You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine. 你们必须注意机器的工作温度。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor， or a condenser， and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance. We measure capacitance in farads. 我们可将电能储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。我们称这样的装置为电容器，称其储存电能的能力为电容。我们用法拉为单位来测量电容。 Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. Such a device is called a capacitor， or a condenser， and its ability to store electrical energy is termed capacitance. It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，其储存电能的能力为电容。电容的测量单位是法拉。 三、非限定动词 A direct current is a current which flows always in the same direction. A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction. 直流电是一种总是沿同一方向流动的电流。 Heat causes air currents to rise when it is radiating from the earth. Radiating from the earth， heat causes air currents to rise. 热量由地球辐射出来时，使得气流上升。 A body can move uniformly and in a straight line if there is no cause to change that motion. A body can move uniformly and in a straight line， there being no cause to change that motion. 如果没有改变物体运动的原因，那么物体将作匀速直线运动。 Vibrating objects produce sound waves and each vibration produces one sound wave. Vibrating objects produce sound waves， each vibration producing one sound wave. 振动着的物体产生声波，每一次振动产生一个声波。 四、常用句型 It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting. 看来这两个科学分支是相互依存，相互作用的。 Computers may be classified as analog and digital. 计算机可分为模拟计算机和数字计算机两种。 In water sound travels nearly five times as fast as in air. 声音在水中的传播速度几乎是在空气中传播速度的五倍。 Ice keeps the same temperature while melting. 冰在溶化时，其温度保持不变。 All substances， whether gaseous， liquid or solid， are made of atoms. 一切物质，不论是气态、液态、还是固态，都由原子组成。 由“it”引导的习惯句型中的被动语态，可译作无人称主动句或不定人称主动句 It can be foreseen that … 可以预料 It can be seen that … 可见，能够看出 It cannot be denied that … 不可否认 It has been proved that … 已经证明 It has been illustrated that … 已经举例说明 It has been objected that … 有人反驳 It has been shown that … 有人指出 It has been viewed that … 讨论了 It is accepted that … 可接受的是 It is arranged that … 已经商定，已做准备 It is alleged that … 据称 It is asserted that … 有人主张 It is turned out that … 结果是 词义的选择 英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。 一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意思。 一词多义就是说同一个词在同一个词类中，又往往有几个不同的词义。 试译下列各句，注意根据词类确定划线词的词义： Aluminum is light and strong so that it is widely used in aircraft industry. 铝既轻又坚硬，所以广泛用于航空工业。 Like charges repel， while unlike charges attract. 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。 It is the atoms that make up iron， water， oxygen and the like. 正是原子构成了铁、水、氧等等。 A magnetic field is build up round the coil. 线圈周围形成了一个磁场。 Small as atoms are， electrons are still smaller. 原子虽小，但电子却更小。 When sunlight falls on the leaves of plants， it is transformed into chemical energy. 当阳光照在植物的叶子上时，就变成化学能。 There is no physical contact between workpiece and tool. 工件和刀具不直接接触。 The amount of work is equal to the product of the force by the distance. 功的大小等于力和距离的乘积。 Rubber is not hard， it gives way to pressure. 橡胶性软，受压变形。 For millions of people suffering from arthritis， it is the only thing that works. 对于千百万关节炎患者来说，这是惟一奏效的药物。 Porcelain is commonly used to resist electric current. 陶瓷常用来隔绝电流。 When we speak， sound waves begin to travel and go in all directions. 我们说话时，声波就开始向四面八方传播。
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