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Content Author Introduction of Jane Eyre Sentence Appreciation Author——Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855) Life&Education Born in Thornton， Yorkshire in 1816， the third of six children， She had three sisters and a brother. Charlotte's mother died of cancer in 1821. In August 1824， Charlotte was sent with three of her sisters， Emily， Maria， and Elizabeth， to the Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire. Two elder sisters， Maria (born 1814) and Elizabeth (born 1815)， who died of tuberculosis 肺结核 in June 1825 . Life&Education Soon after their father removed them from the school . She and the other surviving children created their own literary fictional world， which prepared them for their literary vocations in adulthood. Charlotte continued her education at Roe Head， Mirfield， from 1831 to 32. Charlotte returned to Roe Head as a teacher from 1835 to 1838. In 1839， she took up the first of many positions as governess to various families in Yorkshire， a career she pursued until 1841. 1846 Completed The Professor， which was rejected for publication. 1847 Published the novel Jane Eyre--- an immediate success . In 1848 Charlotte and Anne visited their publishers in London and revealed the true identities of the “Bells.”（女性作家认可偏见适合判断 议论猜测舆论） Life&Education In 1848 Branwell Brontë， who was an alcoholic and a drug addict， died.In 1848 Emily died. In 1849 Anne died. 1849 Published the novel Shirley. 1853 Published the novel Villette which was based on her experiences in Brussels （布鲁塞尔） In June 1854， Charlotte married Arthur Bell Nicholls， her father's curate(助理牧师 )and she became pregnant soon after the marriage. Her health declined rapidly during this time. She died， along with her unborn child， on 31 March 1855， at the young age of 39. The Works of Bronte Sisters Jane Eyre Historical background of Jane Eyre Victorian Age (Queen Victoria’s reign，1837-1901): Industrial Revolution=social upheaval（动乱） Farm workers migrating into cities causes mass unemployment， poverty， women and children working in factories for very low wages. New class distinctions and rise of middle class (shop-keepers， merchants， village parson)新的阶级差别和中产阶级的崛起（店人员，商人，村里的牧师） Victorian Middle Class Adhered to social conventions of domesticity and religion Characterized by public moralizing， stifling religious outlook， private hypocrisy（伪善） (Victorian gentleman publicly preached morality （公开的道德说教）but patroned brothels. （妓院的老顾主） Propriety（得体） and prudence（节俭） were accepted values Many families living in factory slums Many orphaned children（孤儿） experiencing extreme suffering All of this existed outside official notice of Victorian worship of family life， domesticity（家庭生活）， and the hearth Middle Class Women Expected to marry， produce large families， and tend to their children Unmarried women were limited to respectable work as a governess or teacher The poor women worked in factories Women’s restrictions were evident from their clothing， and they were expected to act with utmost propriety（得体） Plot Summary Jane Eyre is a famous and influential novel by English writer Charlotte Bronte. It was published in London， England in 1847. Jane Eyre is a first-person narrative of the title character， a small， plain-faced， intelligent and honest English orphan. The novel goes through five distinct stages: 1.) Jane's childhood at Gateshead， where she is emotionally abused by her aunt and cousins; 2.) Her education at Lowood School， where she acquires friends and role models but also suffers privations; 3.) Her time as the governess of Thornfield Manor， where she falls in love with her Byronic employer， Edward Rochester; 4.) Her time with the Rivers family at Marsh's End (or Moor House) and Morton， where her cold clergyman-cousin St John Rivers proposes to her; 5.) Her reunion with and marriage to her beloved Rochester at his house of Ferndean. Plot Summary Chapter1~4:Jane's childhood at Gateshead Chapter5~10:Jane’s education at Lowood School Chapter11~26:Jane’s time as the governess of Thornfield Hall Chapter27~35:Jane’s time with the Rivers family Chapter36~38:Jane’s reunion with and marriage to her beloved Rochester Jane Eyre --- The Story Jane lives with her aunt who is rude and unjust to her and sends her to a charity school for poor girls， where she lives an intolerable life and stays for eight years. Then Jane becomes a governess to a little girl in the family of a squire（乡绅） called Mr. Rochester. The squire falls in love with her. While they are about to hold their wedding ceremony in the church， Jane learns that Rochester has got a wife who is mad. Jane Eyre --- The Story Shocked by the news， Jane flees from the house. She goes through many hardships. Finally helped by a parson（牧师）， she gets the job of a teacher in a village school. Meanwhile， a great misfortune befalls Mr. Rochester and he becomes blind. Hearing that Mr. Rochester has become penniless and disabled， Jane Eyre hurries back to him and becomes his wife. main characters Jane Eyre - the heroine， a strong personality， simple， firmness and flexibility， independent， aggressive women. Her contempt for the arrogance of the rich and powerful， and laugh at their stupid show the personality and beautiful ideals of self-reliance. She has great vitality， never bow to fate. Have their own longing for a better life. Edward Fairfax Rochester - Teenfeide manor， with wealth and a strong physique， a young man he lived Unconventional life， later determined to seriously life， like Jane Eyre and her to marry him. Lost an arm and an eye in his later years when his first wife crazy arson. Eventually became the husband of Jane Eyre. Daughter of Adela - Rochester former lover (a French dancer)， indulge in an extravagant life style， like beautiful clothes and accessories. Change in the British school education. (Rochester is her guardian， Jane Eyre students) Ingram. The novel merges elements of three distinct genres（流派，类型）. It has the form of a Bildungsroman， a story about a child‘s maturation， focusing on the emotions and experiences that accompany growth to adulthood. The novel also contains much social criticism， with a strong sense of morality at its core， and finally has the brooding and moody quality and Byronic character typical of Gothic fiction. 小说融合了三种截然不同的写作风格。小说文本是教育小说，讲述了一个小孩的成长过程，聚焦陪伴孩子成长到成人的情感和经历。小说同样含有不少社会批判的内容，强烈的道德感尤为突出。最后，小说还有哥特式小说特点，婉约曲折，人物嘲讽而浪漫。 Bildungsroman（教育小说） A novel of formation or a coming-of-age story --- the story of a child’s maturation and focuses on the emotions and experiences that accompany and incite his or her growth to adulthood. Such a novel takes the reader through a character‘s young adulthood as she defines her identity against forces of opposition. 教育小说(教养小说)Bildungsroman是在启蒙运动时期的德国产生的一种小说的形式，以一位——通常是年轻人的——主人公的成长、发展经历为主题。这位主人公以理想化的方式达到了当时人们对于一个受过教化的人的理想。 Jane Eyre as Bildungsroman （教育小说） In Jane Eyre， there are five distinct stages of development， each linked to a particular place: 1.Jane’s childhood at Gateshead，（盖茨海德） 2.her education at the Lowood School， （罗沃德学校） 3.her time as Adele’s governess at Thornfield， （桑菲尔德） 4.her time with the Rivers family at Morton and at Marsh End (also called Moor House)，（圣约翰家） 5.her reunion（团聚） with and marriage to Rochester at Ferndean. （桑菲尔德） Jane Eyre as Gothic novel（哥特式小说） Like the Bildungsroman， the Gothic genre originated in Germany and became popular in England in the late 18th century. It generally describes supernatural experiences， remote landscapes， and mysterious occurrences， all of which are to create an atmosphere of suspense and fear. Jane’s encounters with ghosts， dark secrets， & sinister plots add a potent and lingering sense of fantasy and mystery to the novel.（红房子 笑声） Conclusion Jane Eyre was created in Sheffield， UK.It is an autobiography and was published in1847. Charlotte believed art was most convincing when based on personal experience; in Jane Eyre she transformed the experience into a novel with universal appeal. Themes Morality God and Religion Social class Gender relations Love and Passion Independence Atonement and Forgiveness Search for home and family Themes of Jane Eyre A completely new woman image. The need for love contrasted with the need for independence A completely new woman image Being an orphan girl， Jane Eyre is with a fiery spirit and a longing to love and be loved. She is a poor， plain， little governess who dares to love her master， a man superior to her in many ways， and she even is brave enough to declare to the man her love for him. Jane Eyre represents those middle-class working women who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being. It illustrates a theme: the value of human = dignity + love. The novel creates an independent， positive and enterprising female image.In the novel the love story of Jane Eyre and Rochester vividly shows the fire of enthusiasm and sincere heart， strongly reveals her love.She contempts bigwigs(权贵)， laughs at their stupidity and shows a personality of self-reliant. The need for love vs. the need for independence Jane searches， not just for romantic love， but also for a sense of being valued， of belonging. Thus Jane says to Helen Burns: “To gain some real affection from you， or Miss Temple， or any other whom I truly love， I would willingly submit to have the bone of my arm broken， or to let a bull toss me， or to stand behind a kicking horse， and let it dash its hoof at my chest” (Chapter 8) 。瞧，为了从你那儿，或者坦普尔小姐，或是任何一个我确实所爱的人那儿，得到真正的爱，我会心甘情愿忍受胳膊骨被折断，或者愿让一头公牛把我悬空抛起，或者站在一匹蹶腿的马后面，任马蹄踢向我胸膛” The need for love vs. the need for independence Her fear of losing her autonomy motivates her refusal of Rochester’s marriage proposal. When Rochester asks her to marry him， thus offering Jane a chance to liberate her passions， Jane comes to realize that such freedom could also mean enslavement — by living as Rochester’s mistress， she would be sacrificing her dignity and integrity for the sake of her feelings. Jane believes that “marrying” Rochester while he remains legally tied to Bertha would mean rendering herself a mistress and sacrificing her own integrity for the sake of emotional gratification. She ultimately rejects him， feeling that their marriage --- one based on unequal social standing --- would compromise her autonomy. The need for love vs. the need for independence Only when Jane gains financial and emotional autonomy， after having received her inheritance and the familial love of her cousins， can Jane accept Rochester's offer. In fact， the blinded Rochester is more dependent on her (at least until he regains his sight). Only after proving her self-sufficiency to herself can she marry Rochester and not be asymmetrically dependent upon him as her “master.” The marriage can be one between equals. With her marriage to Rochester， Jane finally feels completely liberated， bringing her dual quests for love and independence to a satisfying conclusion. Comments on Jane Eyre（1） It is a novel often considered ahead of its time due to its portrayal of the development of a thinking and passionate young woman who is both individualistic， desiring for a full life， while also highly moral. Jane evolves from her beginnings as a poor and plain woman without captivating charm to her mature stage as a compassionate and confident whole woman. 这部小说被认为走在时代的前面，因为小说刻画了一个有思想、有热情的年轻女子，她热衷个人主义，期望完整的生活，同时有着高尚的道德操守。简爱从一个清贫而平凡无奇的姑娘演变成一个富有同情、充满自信的完整女性。 As she matures， she comments much on the complexities of the human condition. Jane also has a deeply pious(虔诚的) personal trust in God， but is also highly self-reliant. Although Jane suffers much， she is never portrayed as a damsel in distress who needs rescuing. For this reason， it is sometimes regarded as an important early feminist (or proto-feminist) novel. 随着她的成熟，她开始对人性的复杂表达自己的见解。简爱极度忠诚于上帝，但又非常独立自主。虽然简爱经历许多苦难，她给人的印象从来不是一个需要救赎的可怜姑娘。因为这些原因，这部小说被认为一部重要的早期女权主义（或原始女权主义）小说。 Sentence Appreciation ----Simple philosophy 1.Past is past even if you recall it again and again. 曾经就是曾经，再回忆也是曾经。 2.Hope is a good thing and maybe the best of things. And no good thing ever dies. 盼望是一个好东西，大概是最好的。而好东西是不会灭亡的。 3.Love is hard to get into， but harder to get out of. 爱很难投入，但一旦投入，便更难走出。 4.We love others too early， self love too late. 我们爱别人太早，爱自己太迟。 Sentence Appreciation ----love 1.Love is a light that never dims. 爱是一盏永不昏暗的明灯。 2.Every day without you is like a book without pages. 没有你的日子就像一本没有书页的书。 3.I will learn to give up you because I love you . 我会学着放弃你，是因为我太爱你。 4.To have a second don't care how you in the next second. 能拥有这一秒 就不要在意下一秒会怎样。 5.No matter how powerful I become， you still will be my weakness. 无论我变得如何强大，你仍然会是我的弱点。 6.Any time left in a hurry， I only care about you. 任时光匆匆离流去，我只在乎你。 7.The most love are often difficult to be. 最爱往往难以厮守。 Sentence Appreciation ---personality You know some birds are not meant to be caged， their feathers are just too bright.你知道，有些鸟儿是注定不会被关在樊笼里的，它们的每一片羽毛都闪耀着自由的光辉。 Thank You！
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