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这是虚拟语气与情态动词ppt，包括了主语从句中的虚拟语气，表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气，宾语从句中的虚拟语气，if条件句中的虚拟语气形式，含蓄虚拟条件句，情态动词等内容，欢迎点击下载。
虚拟语气与情态动词ppt是由红软PPT免费下载网推荐的一款课件PPT类型的PowerPoint.
II. Subjunctive Mood & Modal Verbs 虚拟语气和情态动词 主语从句中的虚拟语气: 常用形式主语 it ① It is + adj. + that … (should) ... 这样的形容词表示重要、迫切、建议、坚持，喜好等，如：appropriate，advisable，better，desirable，essential，imperative (迫切的)，important，insistent，natural，necessary，preferable，strange，urgent，vital 等； It is essential that you (should) win the voters’ hearts. 1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气: 常用形式主语 it ② It is + 过去分词 + that … (should) ... 这样的过去分词表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等，如 desired， demanded， ordered， requested， suggested， recommended， required 等； It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities. 2. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气（should+ 动词原形）。 常这样用的名词：resolution， pray， decision， motion， suggestion， preference， proposal， advice， recommendation， desire， demand， requirement， order， necessity， request， idea 等。例如： His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits. He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained. 3. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1）某些动词表示如建议、命令和要求等，其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气should+ 动词原形，常这样用的动词有：advise， determine， command， insist， intend， propose， order， recommend， request， require， suggest， urge， demand， desire等。 例如： 他要求推迟那个会议。 He insisted that the meeting (should) be put off. 他们建议所有的计划都应该在会上讨论。 They proposed that all the plans (should) be discussed at the meeting. 3. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 2）在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气（should）+ 动词原形，做宾补的形容词与主语从句中的虚拟语气所使用的形容词相同，如 appropriate，advisable，better，desirable，essential，imperative (迫切的)，important，insistent，natural，necessary，preferable，strange，urgent，vital 等。 我们认为他在行动前好好考虑一下才是明智的。 We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting. 3. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气: （主要有三种形式） 3. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 我真希望自己很富有！ 她真希望自己当时在家。 我希望将来有一天能去拜访火星。 I wish we would be able to visit Mars one day in the future. 注意：对过去情况的虚拟有时也可以用下列形式： wish + 主语 + would（could）+ have + done 要是我昨天晚上能够见到她那该多好。 I wish I could have seen her last night. 4. if条件句中的虚拟语气形式 1）if 非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的主句与从句都用虚拟语气。 在if非真实虚拟条件句中，主句和从句谓语动词主要有下面几种形式： E.g. 假如没有引力，我们就不可能行走。 If there were no gravity， we should not be able to walk. 假如别人不告诉我，我就不知道这些东西是干什么的。 I wouldn’t have known what these were for if I hadn’t been told. 2）正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将 were， had， should 等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面倒装处理。如果句中没有 were， had 或 should 时，既不能省略 if，也不能倒装。例如： 要是我明天见到他，我就会问他这件事的。 Were I to meet him tomorrow， I should ask him about it. 如果我去年有了这笔钱，我就买那所房子了。 Had I had the money last year， I would have bought the house. 另外： 本(不)应该做某事 ought (not) to have done 本不必要做某事 needn’t have done 你昨天不应该在会议室抽烟。 她昨天不需要来的。 3）时间错综条件句： 通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。例如： 我要是你，就采纳他的建议了。 If I were you， I would have taken his advice.（从句指现在，主句指过去） 如果气候更适宜一些，庄稼会长得更好。 （ If the weather had been more favorable， the crop would be growing still better. (从句指过去，主句指现在） 5. 含蓄虚拟条件句 1）有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式如（without， but for， but that， otherwise， or， but 等）。E.g. 要是没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。 But for electricity (= If there were no electricity)， there would be no modern industry. He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us. He felt very tired yesterday， or he would have attended the party. 5. 含蓄虚拟条件句 2）在某些暗含虚拟条件的简单句中，虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来。谓语动词用should/would be 形式和should/would have been 虚拟形式。例如： 任何人处在他的位置都会那么做的。 Any men in his position would have done like that. 你本应早点来的。 You should (ought to) have come earlier. 6. 其他句型中的虚拟语气 1）在 would rather， would sooner， would just as soon， might as well 和 would prefer 等后面所跟的从句中，也要用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿、但愿”。其形式为： ①“would rather (would sooner…) + 主语 + 谓语动词过去式” 表示现在或将来的情况。 要是他现在不走就好了。 ②“would rather (would sooner…) + 主语 + 动词过去完成式”表示过去的情况。例如： 要是你昨天在这里就好了。 I’d just as soon you had been here yesterday. 6. 其他句型中的虚拟语气 2）在句型 “It is (high/ about) time…” 后面也可以跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“(should) + 动词原形”，意为“该是……的时候了”。例如： 这个小孩该上学了。 It is time that the boy (should) go to school. 天气真该好起来了。 It is high time (that) the weather improved. 注意：It is the first time that he has been to Beijing. 但是：It was the first time that he had been to Beijing. 6. 其他句型中的虚拟语气 3）“if only” 引起的感叹句中用虚拟语气，表示愿望。其形式有2种： ①表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望：用过去式或 “would/could + 动词原形” 。E.g. 要是你听我们的建议就好了。 If only you would listen to our advice. ②表示与过去事实相反的愿望：用过去完成式。E.g. 要是上周我不忙该多好啊！ If only I had not been busy last week! 注：if only 也可以用于虚拟条件句中。例如： 要是我有更多的钱，我就可以买辆车了。 If only I had more money， I could buy a car. 6. 其他句型中的虚拟语气 4）连接词 “in case， lest， for fear that” 可以用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为：“…lest (in case， for fear that) + 主语 + (should) + 动词原形”。 他带着雨衣以防下雨。 He took his coat with him in case it should rain. 我不会做声的，以免打扰你。 I will not make a noise for fear that I (should / might) disturb you. Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow (should) occur. 6. 其他句型中的虚拟语气 注意：lest， for fear that 后接从句中的 should 可以省去，in case 连接从句中的 should 通常不省去，但是 in case 句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。lest， for fear that 后面也可以接其他形式。 as if 后的从句可以用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气 He looks as if he is unhappy. He looks as if he were a millionaire. 情态动词 表示说话人的看法、态度等，具有以下特点： 1）各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义； 2）情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语； 3）情态动词在句中不受任何人称，性别和单复数变化的影响（即没有人称和数的变化）； 4) 情态动词后接的不定式（除ought外）都不带to ，即接动词原形。 主要情态动词 1. 英文中的：can ， could ; may ， might ; must ; ought ; need ; dare ， dared ，另外，shall ， will ， should ， would在一定的场合也可用作情态动词。注意： ①--- May I come in ? --- Yes， you may. / No， you can’t. ②--- Must I finish the work now? --- Yes， you must. / No， you needn’t. ③ need 与dare可以作情态动词，也可以作行为动词。 例如：He dared not go out alone at night. 也可以说：He didn’t dare to go out alone… 2. 表示推测: might， may， can (用于疑问句)，must， can’t， should (想必，应该) ①对现在的推测：+ do ②对过去的推测： + have done 注意：情态动词表示推测的反义疑问句，要和其后的动词一致，但还要看具体的时间状语。 It might have rained last night， didn’t it ? The must have finished the work now， haven’t they ? He must have finished his homework when his mother came back， hadn’t he ? 注意：should 也可表示对将来的推测，“想必，应该”，例如： I sent my coat to the laundry three days ago. It should be ready tomorrow. 关于mustn’t: 表示禁止，不表示推测。 Children mustn’t play on the road. It’s dangerous ! 历年真题 1. If there were no subjunctive mood， English _____ much easier to learn. （2009） A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been 2. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam， she ____ much better results now. (2008) A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get 3. If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics， he might still be alive now. (2007) A. had received B. received C. should receive D. were receiving 4. He would have finished his college education， but he _______to quit and find a job to support his family. (2007) A. had had B. has C. had D. would have 5. If only I _____ play the guitar as well as you! (2006) A would B could C should D might 6. ________ you _______ further problems with your printer， contact your dealer for advice. (2005) A. If， had B. Have， had C. Should， have D. In case， had 7.____ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?(2004) A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised C. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised 8.____ both sides accept the agreement ____ a lasting peace be established in this region. (2004) A. Only if， will B. If only， would C. Should， will D. Unless， would 9. _______ for the fact that she broke her leg， she might have passed the exam. (2002) A. Had it not been B. Hadn’t it been C. Was it not D. Were it not 10. “ What courses are you going to do next semester?” (2002) “ I don’t know. But it’s about time _______ on something.” A. I’d decide B. I decided C. I decide D. I’m deciding 11. It is absolutely essential that William ____ his study in spite of some learning difficulties. (2007) A. will continue B. continued C. continue D. continues 12. Aren't you tired? I ____ you had done enough for today. (2009) A. should have thought B. must have thought C. might have thought D. could have thought 13. It is imperative that the government ____ more investment into the shipbuilding industry. （2006） A attracts B shall attract C attract D has to 14. “You ______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them，” I told my friend. （2007） D A. could B. should C. must D. can 15. She _____fifty or so when I first met her at the conference. （2007）D A. must be B. had been C. could be D. must have been 16. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone _____ an opportunity to hear the speech. （2006） A. ought to have B. must have C. may have D. should have 17. I went there in 1984， and that was the only occasion when I ______ the journey in exactly two days. （2005） A. must take B. must have made C. was able to make D. could make 16. The committee has anticipated the problems that ________in the road construction project.（2007） A. arise B. will arise C. arose D. have arisen
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