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这是一个关于英语国家概况(澳大利亚)ppt课件，主要介绍了澳大利亚位置和大小、地理区域、气候、主要城市等内容。澳大利亚（Australia），全称为澳大利亚联邦（The Commonwealth of Australia）。其领土面积7686850平方公里，四面环海，是世界上唯一国土覆盖整个大陆的国家。拥有很多独特的动植物和自然景观的澳大利亚，是一个奉行多元文化的移民国家。澳大利亚（australia）一词，意为“南方的内地”，变化而来。欧洲人在17世纪发现这块大陆时，误以为是一块直通南极的陆地，故取名“澳大利亚”。澳大利亚是一个高度发达的资本主义国家。作为南半球经济最发达的国家和全球第12大经济体、全球第四大农产品出口国，其也是多种矿产出口量全球第一的国家，澳大利亚也是世界上放养绵羊数量和出口羊毛最多的国家。澳大利亚人口高度都市化，近一半国民居住在悉尼和墨尔本两大城市，全国多个城市曾被评为世界上最适宜居住的地方之一。其也是一个体育强国，常年举办全球多项体育盛事。现在，澳大利亚积极参与国际事务，是联合国、20国集团、英联邦、太平洋安全保障条约、经济合作与发展组织及太平洋岛国论坛的成员。更多内容，欢迎点击下载英语国家概况(澳大利亚)ppt课件哦。
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Chapter 16 Australia
Geography & History
Geography
Location and Size
Geographic Regions
Climate
Major Cities
Location & Size
Geographic Region
Mount Kosciuszko(科修斯科山)
Southwest in Canberra of new south wales
The highest point in Australia and Oceania
2228 meters above sea level
Poland explorer schmitz， lai kay found the mountain in 1839， and the polish hero named after (1746-1817).
Murray-Darling Basin (墨累达令流域)
3370 kilometers long， watershed covers one 7 of the land area of Australia， is Australia's most important agricultural area. The name of this river basin is from the basin's two major rivers， the Murray and darling rivers.
Lake Eyre(艾尔湖)
The lowest point in the country
Some 12 meters below sea level
Climate
Climate
3、Australia is widely known as "the Dry Continent" due to its low rainfall.The aridity of Australia stems from its proximity to the equator.
4、The hot and dry conditions of Australia bring about recurring droughts across the country. The 1895 to 1903 drought is considered Australi's worst draught in terms of severity and scale.
History
Early History
Discovery and Exploration
European Settlement
Colonization
The Road Toward Federation
Australia in the 20th Century
Early History
1.The Aborigines were the first inhabitants of Australian from southeast Asia at least 50，000 years ago and they mainly lived in the northern coast，the southeast and Tasmania.
2.The reason why they migrated is that it was a period when low sea levels permitted the simplest forms of land and water travel.
3.The way of their living:a nomadic or semi-nomanic life
4.The Aborigines used fire as a hunting tool and they had a unique relationship with the environment，their religious beliefs were firmly linked to the land and those living things.
Fires Tick Farming
The Aborigines used fire as a hunting tool，they cleared areas using fire in order to stimulate the growth of grazing pastures and drive out small animals that they could easily capture，which is called firesticking farming.
Discovery and exploration
Discovery:
The first European sighting of Australian was in 1606 by the Dutch navigator Willem Janszoo and he sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula(约克角半岛）.
Discovery and exploration
European Settlement
Causes: the industrial revolution transformed the country from a largely rural society almost entirely dependent on agriculture to a town-centered one engaged increasingly in commercial manufacturing. However， the rapid population growth in London and other areas also brought about various social problems.
The rising crime rate compelled Britain to find somewhere to house the population of its overcrowded prisons.
Colonization
New colonies: new south Wales(1788)， Tasmania(1852)， western Australia(1830)， south Australia(1836)， Victoria(1851)， Queensland(1859)
Growth of sheep grazing: both farming and mining industries underwent rapid development. Large-scale grazing also developed in the 1830s and 1840s when new settlers established huge sheep runs.
Gold rush: due to the gold rush， which made a dramatic contribution to the growth of the economy， the population expanded rapidly.
The Road Toward Federation
1889:NSW began the movement to replace the Federal Council. Henry Parkes announced that the colony would support a new form of federalism
1900:the six colonies of Australia adopted a federal constitution and the Commonwealth of Australia was established
Australia in the 20th Century
“White Australia Policy”
In 1901，the six colonies of Australia adopted a federal constitution and become a self-governing dominion of British Empire
In 1901，pass immigration Restriction Act 0to restrict non-European immigrants
Australia in the 20th Century
WWI: disaster to Australia
a: 1. Follow Britain into the war in August at 1914
2. Total Australian men—3 million;330，000
volunteered to the war
b: Nationalist Party was resigned and subsequently
founded by William Hughes
c: 1. ANZAC---the Australian troops， joined by New
Zealand forces， was called Australian-New Zealand
Army Corps
2. April，25 became the Anzac Day in 1915
d: Benefits:
1. Agriculture and mining industries were booming
2. Rapid industrial growth in the years following the war
Australia in the 20th Century
Interwar years: The Great Depression
a: In 1923， economic development plan:”men， money and markets”
b: The Great Depression of the 1930s
1. main external cause----the collapse of wool and wheat prices and cessation of overseas loans
2. a secessionist movement developed in Western Australia
Australia in the 20th Century
The Development
In Sep.1951-----ANZUS Treaty
In 1972，The Whitlam government
1983—1996， the Australian Labor government
Under Bob Hawke and Paul Keating
In 1996， the Howard government
In Nov.1999---a public referendum
The Sydney Olympic Games & the Sydney 1Paralympic Games
Australia in the 20th Century
WWII:
Followed Britain to the war in Sep.1939
In May & June1942， Japan attacked Sydney Harbor and Newcastle
1. Developed a foreign polity independent of Britain
2. The beginning of a profound shift in Australia’s allegiance away from Britain—United States helped protect Australia from the Japanese in the Battle of the Coral Sea
Australian servicemen made significant contributions to the Allied victory
Entered a boom period in the end of the war
Australia in the 20th Century
Postwar peace & prosperity
“The Lucky Country”
1. Almost 100%employment rate & high standard of living
2. Launched a massive immigration program
The Snowy Mountain Scheme
In 1960s， the “baby boomers” emerged as an active force made it a period of chance for Australia
Racial issues----launched a campaign against the White Australia Policy
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